Restricting Communism with the Marshall Plan - 857 Words

The source in question is an extract from the United States Secretary of State George C. Marshall’s commencement speech for receiving an honorary degree from Harvard University; it was delivered on the 5th of June, 1947 at Harvard University. The speech was created primarily Charles Bohlen, a Soviet expert and Marshall’s special assistant, and later revised by Marshall. Department officials, including George Kennan and William Clayton saw the Marshall Plan as a way of restricting Communist growth in Europe, by strengthening the struggling democratic European nations . After the end of WWII in 1945, the majority of Europe was in ruins; over a third of the European industry was destroyed by the war, resulting in weak economies, and millions of people unemployed and starving, causing low morale. As economies were not improving at a rapid enough pace, combined with high unemployment and a hungry population, people started to look for change. Communism began to look promising, and was becoming increasingly popular in Europe through rebels and partisans. In an attempt confine the spread of Communism, Marshall was sent to Moscow to negotiate with Stalin. Initially, Stalin welcomed the possibility of Soviet participation in a U.S funded European reconstruction program. However, Stalin opposed the â€Å"idea of a coordinated multilateral aid programme, which was seen to threaten the Soviet political and economic position in Eastern Europe†, and withdrew all support and insisted thatShow MoreRelatedThe Munich Agreement1276 Words   |  5 PagesHitler decided to bring war to Western Europe, with the primary goal of conquering France in 1940. France surrendered which meant the fall of the Third Republic. German bombers hit air bases in Luxembourg, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, restricting them to protect their own country. Within months, Hitler’s army controlled most of northern and western Europe, and his air force had Great Britain under control. England faced daily bombings till early 1941. In June 1941, the GermansRead MoreEssay Some Effects of The Cold War1293 Words   |  6 Pagescriminals at the Nuremberg Trials, Truman also prepared the Marshall Plan, an economic plan that put aside over $10 billion for rebuilding Germany. This was very successful, and within a few years Western Europe’s factories were already surpassing their prewar manufacturing levels. Despite the fact that Stalin had joined the US in forming the United Nations, he clashed with Truman on nearly every issue. He objected to the Marshall Plan as well as the founding of the IMF and the World Bank. ProvingRead MoreVietnam War and Media Essay3088 Words   |  13 Pagesthey raised an oppressive dictatorial regime in the area of South Vietnam and later the US army was destroying villages in order to protect them (Wiest, 2002). In terms of media, the Vietnam War was the first war, which was extensively televised. Marshall McLuhan, a Canadian communication theorist said: â€Å"Television brought the brutality of war into the comfort of the living room. Vietnam was lost in the living rooms of America- not on the battlefields of Vietnam,† (Hallin, 1986). After the VietnamRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 PagesThreats: What are the Greatest Dangers? -Assessing threats depends on the degree of danger -Military Attack -Many argue that threat of military attack is biggest threat to national security -Domestic Decay -Example - fear of spread of communism, McCarthy -Global Anarchy -Concerns over violent, totalitarian governments and militant Islamic fundamentalist groups -Oppression, Starvation, and Pollution -Prolonged starvation, oppression, and environmental deterioration are all threatsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesbut have also generated a plethora of new categories for admissible migrants that can be unclear in their meaning and incomparable across nations for the purpose of statistical measurement. The United Nations prefers to define migrants as those who plan to stay abroad for a year or more. But counting such people at the border is often impossible because many migrants change their status after arrival or overstay their visas illegally. For example, the United States experienced a near doubling ofRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesdisadvantage to its competitors.17 Firms have been outsourcing human resource activities at a phenomenal rate. Furthermore, they have been outsourcing a wide range of activities. For example, firms routinely outsource the administration of 401(k) plans, executive search activities, payroll functions, employee assistance programs, human resource information systems, benefits administration, and outplacement. As a result of the demand for outsourcing, a whole new service industry of personnel serviceRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesImproving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics 90 An Exercise for Identifying Aspects of Personal Culture: A Learning Plan and Autobiography 92 SKILL APPLICATION 95 Activities for Developing Self-Awareness 95 Suggested Assignments 95 Application Plan and Evaluation 95 SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA 97 Self-Awareness Assessment 97 Scoring Key 97 Comparison Data 97 Emotional Intelligence Assessment 97 Scoring Key 97 Comparison Data

The United Kingdoms anti-money laundering system - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1268 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Money laundering is the term used to describe the process that disguises the (usually criminal) source of money.[1] The process of money laundering involves three recognisable stages. The first is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"placementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ stage when the proceeds of the crime, often in cash, are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"placedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ into the financial system, for example, by being depositing in a bank. The second is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"layeringà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ stage whereby the proceeds are moved, usually through a series of transactions perhaps involving different entities, different assets, and different jurisdictions, in order to sever any audit trail and hence make tracing their origins harder. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The United Kingdoms anti-money laundering system" essay for you Create order The third stage is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"integrationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ when the criminal resumes control of the proceeds, free from any link to their criminal source. An examination will be made of the statement that forms the subject matter of this essay. As an outline, this essay will contemplate the extent to which the United Kingdoms anti-money laundering regime seeks to address each stage of the process of money laundering. To conclude this essay will briefly reflect on the effectiveness of the UK regime. It must be emphasised that in an essay of this nature, large and complex topics will have to be reduced. The UK regime The Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 Banks and other financial institutions facilitate the three stages of money laundering and lend an air of respectability to the proceeds when they eventually reappear, therefore the financial and related sectors have always been positioned at the forefront of the drive to combat money laundering. The UK regime à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which implements the EU Money Laundering Directives, FATF international standards and UN anti-terrorist financing measures, comprises three main components as far as banks are concerned. First, there is the primary legislation, the Terrorism Act 2000 (TACT) and the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (POCA) which creates a number of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"money launderingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and related offences. The so-called relegated sector[2] is subject to additional offences to encourage its co-operation in reporting suspicious activities and transactions. Part 7 of POCA created three substantive money laundering offences, concealing[3], arrangements[4] and acquisition, use and possession[5]. The three offences are wide in a number of respects. First, the three principal money laundering offences must be related to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"criminal propertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[6] which is very broadly defined as any à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"benefità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[7] from any criminal conduct in any part o f the UK or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"would constitute an offence in a part of the UK if it occurred there[8]. The meaning of criminal property has been the subject of a number of Court of Appeal decisions, most recently R v Akhtar [2011] EWCA Crim 146, a mortgage broker who had allegedly submitted dishonest claims for and on behalf of his co-defendants, was not guilty of entering into or becoming concerned in money laundering arrangements. Clarke LJ submitted that the natural an ordinary meaning of s328(1) is that the arrangement to which it refers must be one which related to property at the time when the arrangement begins to operate on it[9]. Criminal property has the same meaning in respect of all three principal money laundering offences as set out in s340: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It does not embrace property which the accused intends to acquire by criminal conductà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Property is not criminal property because the wrongdoer intends that it should beà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [10] Akhtar followed R v Loizou [2005] EWCA Crim. 1579, where the court ruled that no offence under s327 was made as the property was not criminal at the point of transfer. To say that it extends to property which was originally legitimate but became criminal only as a result of carrying out the arrangement is to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“stretch the language of the Section beyond its proper limitsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [11]. [analysis] [add facts of the case and relate to stages of ML) R. v Afolabi == re. s329 mention some of the facts Then conclude with test in Geary on part 7 and then further anaylsis on the extentof the act in stages of ML. Scope https://www.criminallawandjustice.co.uk/clj-reporter/R-v-Geary-2010-EWCA-Crim-1925 Arguments that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“criminal propertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  definition needs to be revised à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Article:A suitable case for treatment: money laundering and knowledge Secondly, Liability arises if alleged money launder knows à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" see online book discussion between Hudson and Forston page 11 and 12 cases Thirdly, Drafted to cover every conceivable offence cases Mens rea cases Supplementary money laundering offences The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"failure to reportà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ offences Tipping off As mentioned above banks and other financial institutions facilitate the three stages of money laundering, as such it is crucial to obtain the co-operation of those institutions who are essential for money laundering to occur at all. Section 330 and 331 of POCA create two new offences of failing to make a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"required disclosure as soon as practicableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ after suspicion of money laundering is or ought to have been aroused. The term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"requiredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ qualifies the disclosure in order to emphasise that the failure to report is a criminal offence. Slaughter and May à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" unregulated sector The Terrorism Act 2000 and related provisions The Money Laundering Regulations 2007 The Money Laundering Regulations 2007[12] require à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"relevant personsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[13] to operate their business in accordance with specified systems and procedures designed to combat money laundering and the finance of terrorism. The potential criminal liability laid out by the Supplementary money laundering offences discussed above together wit the regulatory requirements under the 2007 Regulations has caused the financial sector to introduce wide-ranging proces ses and procedures to ensure that its officers and employees fulfil these disclosure[14] obligations and hence that they do not fall foul of the criminal sanctions. The FSA Handbook Problems posed to banks by money laundering control Conclusion I [student number] declare that this piece of work contains # words. Bibliography Articles Shula de Jersey of Russell Jones Walker (2011). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wide but not unbounded à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the definition of criminal propertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Money L.B. 2011, 186, 17-18. Money Laundering Bulletin CL J (2011) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Knowingly submitting a dishonest claimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  C.L. J. 2011, 175(6), 78-79. Criminal Law Justice Weekly Kenneth Murray, (2012) A suitable case for treatment: money laundering and knowledge, Journal of Money Laundering Control, Vol. 15 Iss: 2, pp.188 197 Books Ellinger, E.P and Lomnicka, E and Hare, C.V.M Banking Law (Oxford University Press) The Law relating to financ ial crime in the United Kingdom / Karen Harrison and Nicholas Ryder Hudson, Law of Finance (first edition, 2009, Sweet Maxwell) Encyclopaedia of Banking Law (available via Lexis Library) Pagets Law of Banking (available via Lexis Library) Legalisation Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 Money Laundering Regulations 2007/2157 Other https://www.airant.it/pdf/MLB%20Sept%202011_0.pdf [Accessed 03 March 2014] https://www.criminallawandjustice.co.uk/clj-reporter/R-v-Akhtar-2011-All-ER-D-214-Jan [Accessed 03 March 2014] https://www.criminallawandjustice.co.uk/clj-reporter/R-v-Geary-2010-EWCA-Crim-1925 [Accessed 05 March 2014] https://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1368-5201volume=15issue=2articleid=17031335show=html [Accessed 05 March 2014] Cases Allen v Gold Reefs of West Africa [1900] 1 Ch. 656 [1] Ellinger, E. P. [2011] Modern Banking Law: Oxford University Press. pp92 [2] Including banks, financial entities regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority such as accountants, lawyers, estate agents, traders in high value goods, casino operators. [3] s327 POCA 2002 [4] s328 POCA 2002 [5] s329 POCA 2002 [6] POCA 2002, s.340(3) [7] See provisions extending the meaning of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"benefità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in s.340(5)-(8)(including pecuniary advantageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢) and those as to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"propertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (s.340(9)). [8] No restrictions are placed on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"predicate offenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, as long as the conduct generating the property is regarded as an offence in any part of the UK, thus it does not need to be an offence in the country in which it is committed. [9] R v Geary [2010] EWCA Crim 1925 [10] Lord Justice Elias in Amir and Akhtar [11] Lord Justice Moore-Bick in R v Geary [12] S.I. 2007/2157 (as amended by S.I. 2007/3299 and S.I. 2009/209, in force on 15 December 2007 and replacing the 2003 Regulations. [13] Reg 3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Application of the Regulations [14] More usually called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reportingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.

Motivation To International Business Free Essays

Domestic market: VOSCO will still be the biggest shipping company especially in bulk and dry bulk cargo transportation while continuing to develop oil and container shipping International market: VOSCO tend to be more active and concentrate on seaborne trade within Asian Region (such as Korea, China, Indonesia†¦) as well as furthering other freight routes all over the world (Africa, Europe and America). Motivation why VOSCO want to expand their market to foreign market because Currently the demand of shipping in Vietnam is limited and just holds a minor part. So VOSCO certainly will need to enter foreign markets to get more profit and customers (sources of cargo-supply in long term) and utilize the fleet capacity (bulk, tanker and container ships) as well as reduce the inventory cost and promote economies of scale. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation To International Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the near future demand for import-export from regional countries and the amount of cargo in international shipping expects to rise tremendously in the near future. According to UNDESA 2012, worldwide commercial good transported by sea will increase by 36% in 2020 and double the gross tonnage by 2033, especially bulk cargo still remain as the major – which is also the strength of VOSCO fleet. The barriers to entrance foreign market are reduced or eliminated when Vietnam joined ASEAN and WTO recently: VN has been a member of WTO since 2007, commercial relations with over 220 countries and territories, sign 88 bilateral trade agreements, establish 7 FTA with 15 countries. So removes significantly trade barriers and is good condition for Vietnamese companies, specifically VOSCO to enter foreign markets. VOSCO has a lot of good competitive advantages to develop further like: low-cost and skilled crew (seafarers), good related and supporting system such as shipbuilding industry, ports†¦ (VOSCO is a member of VINALINE)†¦ Moreover the company can manage and exploit their own fleets therefore positively seek to customers and participate in international market without dependence on other partners. In addition, VOSCO officially takes part in foreign market also means the company have to deal with a lot of threat. The biggest one is the competition from much bigger rivals around us such as COSCO, Hanjin†¦ in both price and quality wars, then other threats emerging from the host country like culture, policy and currency. Now move to factors this company should consider in shaping their strategies to compete in foreign market. We did mention that China and Indonesia can be potential foreign market so let’s take a look at some external environmental analysis of them: Political Factor: both Indonesia and China are considered as stable political environment, unlikely the high political risk in Africa. Tariffs are high but on decreasing slope. The recent dispute on The East Sea between China and some countries including Vietnam may not affect too much on trade between countries. Economic Factor: both countries are in trillion dollar GDP club. Currently China’s economy is the second biggest economy in the world and Indonesia ranks 15th. Especially FDI plays a vital role in China and Indonesia growth rate. Trade between these two countries with other all over the world continues to rise significantly regardless of the bad impact of public debt in Europe economy. Socio-cultural Factor: Population in Indonesia and China is extremely high not only in Asia but in the world. However there’s a big difference between these culture, especially in religion(major religion in China is Buddhism but Indonesia is Muslim) Technological Factor: Transport system and Communication System in these countries are effective and highly developed compared with other in region. From this analysis we can see that the company should choose a proper method to access the market. We think the way of merger and acquisition or integration with a local freight forwarder would be efficient because setting up a new affiliate is risky (postponement). Nevertheless setting up subsidiary or using will help the firm take the initiative in linking with local customers. Beside that VOSCO should focus on its own strength in shaping other strategies. Generic competitive strategies: Focus on market niche will be a good choice because VOSCO now take advantage in dry and bulk cargo transportation. It also means mineral, grain and other agricultural product will be the major commodity. In shaping the production strategy, there are two main factors: fleet and logistics service. Like we said before, VOSCO should renew and upgrade regularly their quality and functionality fleet to meet the international transport demand. For example: Firstly, technical improvement in ship sizes and draft is required (international coal shipping require 30,000 – 70,000 DWT vessels; demand for regional rice shipping currently concentrate on under 10,000 DWT vessels but in the near future it will increase to 20,000 – 30,000 DWT) Secondly, standardization factor (the problem of registry – Vietnamese registered vessel may satisfy the operation standard but in fact it is unfavorable in international transport because standards by VR may not strict enough). The factor of logistics activities in both home and host country is very important. Investing in logistics infrastructure such as warehouse, inland transportation†¦ in China or Indonesia should be a long-term objective. Initially it should be integration with local providers. Expanding business in foreign market certainly need to consider factors in human resources. Integration can be seen as the first step before MA process. Initially local shipping agent and logistics provider will run totally by local employees (inpatriate) then gradually replaced by our expatriates especially the top position. Therefore selection, training and development those expatriates will play an important role (Ex: Culture: China – Indonesia). Secondly VOSCO must set up a competitive compensation package to motivate them and finally a proper relocation policy. Move to financial issues, initially the company should not consider the financial objective as the most important. Instead, the outcome better focus on (which is reflected by customer satisfaction). Another factor is the source of fund for the subsidiary. Depend on the (high) IR and exchange rate in both China and Indonesia, it’ll be better if the fund depends on both parent company and local borrowing and they uses the most common method: dividend remittance to pay back the parent firm. Finally regular financial report to the VOSCO headquarter is necessary in order to hedge the risk and develop their own financial strategy. The last but not least is containerization. Expand the business focusing on dry and bulk cargo market doesn’t mean we skip the container market. Like I said, this is a long-term objective because the current inefficiency of VOSCO container vessels. Therefore, profit from bulk cargo shipping can be reinvested in developing container lines services in the future. How to cite Motivation To International Business, Papers

Life Changing Experience Essay Example For Students

Life Changing Experience Essay Life Changing Experience Essay Death. To people it means many different things. Some people may not think anything of it, until it strikes close to them. I know before I had my father pass away, I never thought once about it. When I first heard of my dad dying, it made me way sad. I was ten or eleven, not old enough yet to understand, why someone would want to take their own life. I was crushed when it happened. It was like a part of me was missing, like someone had ripped my heart out and laid a direct attack on me. When I learned he had committed suicide it made me very angry. I kept thinking how could someone do that and hurt his whole family. Especially my brothers and I. My mother could sense that I felt uneasy and drove me. The drive to the newly built high school was just under fifteen minuets away. As we traveled my mother gave me some tips to make it through the day. She told me to introduce myself to my teachers on personal bases, to sit up front and to eat a good lunch. As we arrived at the entrance I felt my breakfast wanting to jump out of my stomach. I was shaking and on the verge of tears. Mother gave me a hug and a kiss on the forehead, told me everything was going to be just fine. I jumped out of the car and stood on the sidewalk waving my mother goodbye. I never imagined that, the hug, the kiss and the wave goodbye could possibly be the last ones. The first day of high school went over with a blast. My classes were just fine and my teachers were supreme. Everyone was just so nice and friendly. I only cried once when I couldnt find any of my classes. The bell had rung everyone scattered off to his or her assigned rooms, everyone except me. I was stuck in the middle of the courtyard trying to figure out the school mapping system. Frustrated and embarrassed I broke down in tears and ran to the nearest restroom. The day continued from that point on a happy note. I could not wait to get home to tell my mother all about my day. As the dismissal bell rung, I hurried off to find the right bus to go home. I was frightened that I would get on the wrong bus and end up on the other side of town. Uneasy I asked four different people where bus 647 was parked. As I entered the bus I recognized familiar faces of those from my junior high. Some friendly and some not so nice. I took my place in middle of the bus and glanced out the window watching the trees and cars go by. As the bus grew closer to my stop I became more and more giddy with excitement. I could not wait to tell my mother about my new adventure. As soon as the bus was out of sight, I ran all the way home with a huge smile on my face from ear to ear like a Chester cat. As I ran down the street I noticed shattered pieces of glass all over the road and a chunk on the street lawn missing. It looked as if a huge bull dozer rode through the grass crushing all the beautiful flowers. I dismiss it and continued to run my hardest. MATT FARLEY A5 Essay As I skipped up the drive way, fumbling through my book bag to find my house keys, I noticed that my mothers car was not parked in the drive way. I figured that she had just got it detailed and put it in the garage. My mother was in love with her champagne colored, fully loaded town car. She had it detailed every weekend. I .